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        <h1 class="fnt-sixcaps">Haba <span>Stress</span> Engineering</h1>
        <p class="description">Specializing in Heat Treatment &amp; Engineering Inspection</p>        
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         <h2>Objectives of Heat Treatments</h2>
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        <p><strong>Heat Treatment</strong> is the <em>controlled heating and cooling of metals to alter their physical and 				mechanical
        properties without changing the product shape</em>. Heat treatment is sometimes done inadvertently due to 
        manufacturing processes that either heat or cool the metal such as welding or forming.</p>
        
        <p>Heat Treatment is often associated with <em>increasing the strength of materia</em>l, but it can also be used 
        to alter certain manufacturability objectives such as improve machining, improve formability, restore 
        ductility after a cold working operation. Thus it is a very enabling manufacturing process that can not 
        only help other manufacturing process, but can also improve product performance by increasing strength 
        or other desirable characteristics.</p>
        <p>Steels are  particularly suitable for heat treatment, since they respond well to heat  treatment and the commercial use of steels exceeds that of any other material.  Steels are heat treated for one of the following reasons:
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          <li>Softening </li>
          <li>Hardening </li>
          <li>Material  Modification    	</li>
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        <p>&nbsp;</p>
        <h2> Common Heat Treatments</h2>
        <p>Softening: Softening is done <em>to reduce strength or hardness, remove residual stresses, improve toughnesss, 
        restore ductility, refine grain size or change the electromagnetic properties of the steel.</em>        
        <p>Restoring ductility or  removing residual stresses is a necessary operation when a large amount of cold working is to be  performed, such as in a cold-rolling operation or wiredrawing. <u>Annealing  </u>full Process, spheroidizing, normalizing and <u>tempering </u>— austempering, martempering are the principal ways by which steel is softened.        
        <p><strong>Hardening: </strong>Hardening of steels is  done <em>to increase the strength and wear properties. </em>One of the pre-requisites for hardening is <em>sufficient  carbon and alloy content. </em>If there is sufficient Carbon content then the steel can be <u>directly  hardened. </u>Otherwise the surface of the part has to be Carbon enriched  using some <u>diffusion treatment hardening </u>techniques.</p>
        <p><strong>Material Modification: </strong>Heat treatment is used to modify properties of materials  in addition to hardening and softening. These processes modify the behavior of the  steels in a beneficial manner to maximize service life, e.g., <u>stress relieving, </u>or  strength properties, e.g., <u>cryogenic treatment, </u>or some other desirable properties, e.g., <u>spring  aging</u></p>
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    <p><img width="361" height="2" src="services-pwht-terms_clip_image001.gif" align="left"><img width="561" height="2" src="services-pwht-terms_clip_image002.gif" align="left"><img width="191" height="2" src="services-pwht-terms_clip_image003.gif" align="left"><strong>Softening: </strong>Softening is done <em>to  reduce strength or hardness, remove residual stresses, improve </em><em>toughness</em>s,<em> restore  ductility, refine grain size </em>or <em>change the electromagnetic properties of  the </em><em>steel.</em></p>
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            <li><strong>Haba Stress Engineering</strong></li>
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